![]() Idiopathic vestibular disease is the most common cause of peripheral vestibular dysfunction in dogs and it is associated with advanced age. History of previous vestibular episodes ( P = 0.017, OR = 3.533 CI 1.251–9.981) was associated with an increased likelihood of resolution of the clinical signs whilst contrast enhancement of cranial nerves VII and/or VIII on MRI ( P = 0.018, OR = 0.432 CI 0.251–0.868) was associated with a decreased chance of resolution of the clinical signs. Increasing age was associated with a mild increased chance of diagnosis of idiopathic vestibular syndrome rather than otitis media and/or interna ( P = 0.022, OR = 0.866 CI 0.765–0.980). Recurrence of clinical signs was observed in 26 dogs. Long-term follow-up revealed persistence of head tilt ( n = 50), facial paresis ( n = 41) and ataxia ( n = 6) in some cases. The most prevalent diagnosis was idiopathic vestibular disease ( n = 128), followed by otitis media and/or interna ( n = 49), hypothyroidism ( n = 7), suspected congenital vestibular disease ( n = 2), neoplasia ( n = 1) and cholesteatoma (n = 1). Neurological abnormalities included head tilt ( n = 185), ataxia ( n = 123), facial paralysis ( n = 103), nystagmus ( n = 97), positional strabismus ( n = 93) and Horner syndrome ( n = 7). One hundred eighty-eight patients were included in the study with a median age of 6.9 years (range 3 months to 14.6 years). This study therefore aimed to describe the clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging findings (MRI), underlying causes and outcome in a large population of dogs diagnosed with peripheral vestibular disease. ![]() There are several studies investigating how to differentiate between peripheral and central vestibular disease but only limited information regarding the possible underlying causes for peripheral vestibular dysfunction in dogs. ![]() Vestibular dysfunction is relatively common in dogs, with a prevalence of 0.08% reported in primary veterinary care in the UK.
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